• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a filtration device (110) for air purification apparatus comprising a first filter cartridge structure (104) containing a conventional absorbent material selected from active carbon or zeolite, characterized in that the device comprises a second separate filter cartridge structure (106) ensuring the maintenance of a filter media consisting of a nanoporous specific absorbent material functionalized with probe molecules so as to trap chemical pollutants of the aldehyde type.
    公开号:FR3026020A1
    申请号:FR1459039
    申请日:2014-09-24
    公开日:2016-03-25
    发明作者:Bertrand Escalettes；Alper Caliskan；Patrick Morin；Emmanuel Chevallier；Thomas Caron；Sylvain Colomb
    申请人:SEB SA；Ethera SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The present invention relates generally to the field of air purifying apparatus and more particularly to filtration devices for this type of apparatus and having the ability to purify the air. absorption including aldehydes and formaldehyde.
    [0002] By aldehyde is meant any organic molecule having a terminal carbonyl function preferably chosen from formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, acrolein, pentanal, hexanal and benzaldehyde. Aldehydes are among the most abundant household chemical pollutants. Their sources are extremely numerous. They can be particularly related to an external production such as the photo-oxidation of methane. However, the main sources of aldehyde emissions are found in homes and are very diverse: resins and glues used to manufacture agglomerated wood, particle board and plywood, urea-formaldehyde insulating foams used as thermal insulation, by injection in walls and partitions, in textile coatings, wallpapers, paints, leathers ... Formaldehyde is also a preservative, disinfectant and desiccant. For these reasons, it is widely used as a solvent in hospital for the disinfection of surgical instruments but also in the industry of funeral services where thanatopraxy practice. Given the harmful effects of such chemical pollutants on public health, it appears necessary to ensure the purification of the ambient air of - 2 - residential buildings by reducing the content of aldehydes, especially formaldehyde, and providing new pollution control devices. According to the known prior art, the methods of purifying gaseous chemical pollutants present in the air can be classified into 2 categories: - Destruction of the pollutant by degradation of the organic compounds until total mineralization that is to say until 'to transform them into CO2 and H2O by oxidation or photo-oxidation. - Trapping by porous absorbent materials that retain pollutants, but do not degrade them. These materials are zeolite or activated carbon and are commonly used in the treatment of air to trap volatile organic compounds and odors. The first category is made from devices using oxidants such as ozone, or promoting oxidation such as plasmas or photo-catalysis. The second category uses the powers and absorptive capacities of porous materials with a large specific surface area (> 100 m 2 / g), it does not make it possible to degrade the molecules, it retains them on a porous media. The first category has the disadvantages of being complex and relatively expensive. In addition, it can generate under-decomposition products which may be more dangerous than the removed compound. The second category has the disadvantage of having very different trapping rates from one chemical compound to be eliminated to another. For example, activated charcoal is effective enough to absorb aromatic compounds but very inefficient in absorbing aldehydes and especially formaldehyde. Manufacturers of absorbent materials try to improve the absorbency of their materials by functionalizing them. Unfortunately, this functionalization is done by impregnation which has the disadvantage of clogging the pores and thus limit the trapping capacity if it is desired to put a sufficient amount. The object of the invention is to improve the performance of filtration devices for air purification apparatus by adding an absorbent media of chemical compounds polluting air to substances for which the current absorbent materials have not no effectiveness in particular vis-à-vis aldehydes and especially formaldehyde. The filtration device thus constituted ensures the definitive trapping in large quantities of the great majority of all atmospheric pollutants.
    [0003] This object is achieved by means of a filtration device for air purification apparatus comprising a first filter cartridge structure containing a conventional absorbent material selected from activated carbon or zeolite, characterized in that the device for filtration comprises a second separate filter cartridge structure ensuring the maintenance of a filter media consisting of a specific nanoporous absorbent material functionalized with probe molecules so as to trap chemical pollutants of the aldehyde type. According to another variant embodiment, the specific absorbent material is manufactured by sol-gel for incorporation into a nanoporous structure of metal oxides of the probe molecules capable of trapping aldehydes. According to another variant embodiment, the probe molecule carrying a reactive function which can react with an aldehyde function is chosen from the enaminones and the corresponding β-diketone / amine pairs, the imines and the hydrazines, or the salts derived from these compounds. According to another embodiment, the structure ensuring the maintenance of the filter media is a rigid cellular structure, the cells containing the filter media. According to another variant embodiment, a micro-perforated film is assembled on the upstream and downstream faces of the rigid cellular structure. According to another embodiment, the filling rate of the cells to the filter medium is greater than 40%.
    [0004] According to another variant embodiment, the specific absorbent material is in the form of a granule whose dimensions are between 0.8 and 2 mm. According to another variant embodiment, the shape of the granules is cylindrical with an L / D ratio> 1 in which L corresponds to the length of a granule and D corresponds to the diameter of a granule. According to another embodiment, the structure ensuring the maintenance of the filter media is an assembly of several films on which are impregnated / sprinkled the conventional absorbent material. According to another variant embodiment, the mass of specific absorbent material represents between 5 and 95% of the mass of conventional absorbent material. According to another variant embodiment, the specific surface area of the specific absorbent material is between 600 and 1200 m 2. The present application also relates to an air purification apparatus comprising the filtration device defined in one of the above variants. Other features and advantages of the present invention will emerge more clearly on reading the following detailed description of embodiments of the invention given by way of non-limiting example and illustrated by the appended drawings, in which: FIG. 1 represents an exploded view of a filtration apparatus comprising the filtration device according to the invention; FIG. 2 schematically represents a first filter cartridge structure according to the invention; - Figures 3A and 3B respectively show a front view and a perspective view of a second filter cartridge structure according to the invention; FIG. 4 represents the evolution of the concentration of formaldehyde in a room with a first variant embodiment of the cartridge according to the invention; FIG. 5 represents the evolution of the concentration of form aldehyde in a room with a second variant embodiment of the cartridge according to the invention. The invention consists essentially of a filtration device comprising a plurality of filter media. The different combined or separate filter media enable the volatile organic compounds present in the indoor air to be removed by absorption. According to the invention, the volatile organic compounds absorbed are especially aldehydes and / or solvents. The filtration device is intended to be installed in an ambient air purification unit that can operate at flow rates of a few m3 / h to several thousand m3 / h. FIG. 1 represents an air purification apparatus 100 capable of receiving the filtration device according to the invention. The apparatus essentially comprises a housing 101 comprising a housing 108 for a filtration device 110. The housing 108 is closed by a cover 102. Inlet openings (not shown) are formed on or in the vicinity of the cover 102 to allow ambient air to enter the apparatus 100. The housing comprises upstream of the filter device 110 a motor-fan (not shown) which creates a suction in the housing 108 through a grid 107. The housing 101 also includes outlets 109 of the purified air. These outlet orifices 109 are placed on the upper part of the housing 101. According to the invention, the filtration device 110 comprises at least two filtering materials or media supported by filter cartridge structures 103, 104, 105, 106 distinct. Figures 2, 3A and 3B show examples of filter cartridge structures that may be used in the context of the invention. These structures make it possible to maintain the filter media in the flow of air passing through the air purification apparatus. FIG. 2 shows a structure 20 (known per se) comprising a succession of films 21. In this variant, the filter medium is impregnated in one or more films 21. The set of films is then assembled (for example by gluing or welding) to form the filter cartridge. The dimensions and numbers of films 21 essentially depend on the desired performance of the air purification apparatus. According to FIGS. 3A and 3B, the filter cartridge comprises a rigid cellular structure 12. According to this variant embodiment, the structure is of honeycomb type. The filter media is placed in the cells 11 of the structure 12. In order to ensure the maintenance of the filter media in the cells 11, a micro-perforated film is placed on the two downstream faces 14 and upstream 15 of the rigid cellular structure 12 . The film is for example totally transparent vis-à-vis the air flow and has no filtration function. For both variants of filter cartridge structures, the cartridge is placed in the air purification apparatus perpendicular to the air flow F. The geometry of the filter cartridge according to the invention can be in various forms, flat or in volume. The filter cartridge contains a mixture and / or successive layers of granules containing one or more absorbents. According to the invention, a first filter cartridge structure 104 contains a first conventional absorbent material selected from activated carbon or zeolites. In the embodiment shown, the conventional absorbent material is disposed in a first structure 12 of filter cartridge of cellular type. According to the invention, the filtration device 110 comprises a second filter cartridge structure 106, distinct from the first, containing a second filter medium. In the embodiment shown, the second filter medium is disposed in a structure 12 of filter cartridge of cellular type. This second filter media consists of a specific absorbent material for trapping compounds poorly eliminated by the conventional absorbent material such as, for example, the compounds of the aldehyde type and more particularly the aldehyde form.
    [0005] The specific absorbent material is a material capable of specifically trapping a pollutant or a family of pollutant. For example, the filter media can trap the family of aldehydes via probe molecules (or active ingredient) adapted and incorporated in a nanoporous structure. An informed choice of probe molecules can more specifically trap a pollutant such as formaldehyde. The method of manufacturing the sol-gel-type specific absorbent material makes it possible to introduce the active ingredient during its preparation (in situ) and not by impregnation. The method of manufacturing the specific absorbent material makes it possible to introduce a lot of active ingredient without clogging the pores since there is no impregnation. Pore clogging by impregnation is thus avoided. Thus by appropriately choosing the probe molecule, it is possible to eliminate harmful pollutants such as formaldehyde, that conventional absorbent materials can not or little eliminate. In the case of the sol-gel specific absorbent material, the pollutant reacts with the reactive principle to give a third body of larger and less harmful molecular weight which will remain trapped in the nanoporous network of the specific absorbent material. Unlike other absorbents, this specific absorbent material performs definitive trapping. By way of example, the specific absorbent material is chosen from the materials described in the patent application FR2890745. In particular and without limitation, the material comprises a nanoporous matrix sol-gel of metal oxides, said matrix containing at least one probe molecule carrying at least one reactive function that can react with an aldehyde function. The probe molecule carrying a reactive function capable of reacting with an aldehyde function is chosen from the enaminones and the corresponding 8-diketone / amine couples, the imines and the hydrazines, or the salts derived from these compounds. The enamines correspond to the formula below: in which: R 1 corresponds to a hydrogen, an alkyl or aryl radical, R 2 corresponds to a hydrogen, R 3 corresponds to a hydrogen, an alkyl or aryl radical; R4 is hydrogen, alkyl or aryl, - R5 is hydrogen. Furthermore, the β-diketone / amine pair corresponds to the formula below: ## STR2 ## in which: R 1 corresponds to a hydrogen, an alkyl or aryl radical, - R2 corresponds to a hydrogen, - R 3 corresponds to a hydrogen, an alkyl or aryl radical, - R4 corresponds to a hydrogen, an alkyl radical, - R5 corresponds to a hydrogen, or a corresponding salt. Furthermore, the imine is a Schiff base selected from acridine yellow, methyl or dimethyl yellow.
    [0006] The hydrazine corresponds to the following formula: R 6 N N H 2 R 7 in which: R 6 corresponds to a hydrogen, a C 1 -C 20 alkyl radical, preferably a C 1 -C 10 alkyl, more preferentially methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or butyl radical; isobutyl, tert-butyl and pentyl, a C3-C16 aryl radical, especially phenyl and arylsulphonyl, - R7 corresponds to a C3-C16 aryl radical, especially phenyl and arylsulphonyl.
    [0007] According to the invention, the nanoporous sol-gel matrix of metal oxides is prepared from at least one metal oxide of formula below: M (X) m (OR8) n (R9) p in which: - M corresponds to a metal chosen from silicon, aluminum, titanium, zirconium, niobium, vanadium, yttrium and cerium; - R8 and R9 independently correspond to an alkyl or aryl radical, - n, m and p are integers, such that their sum is equal to the valency of M and n is greater than or equal to 2, -x is a halogen. The specific absorbent material as defined above, which makes it possible specifically to trap aldehydes and in particular formaldehyde, has an efficiency of formaldehyde trapping capacity at least 100 times greater than that of the active carbon dedicated to organic compounds. total volatiles and 10 times higher than the specific impregnated activated carbon for trapping gaseous formaldehyde. The definitive trapping capacity of the specific absorbent material is at least 0.01 g of formaldehyde per gram of material. Moreover, even when saturated, this specific absorbent material has adsorption trapping capacity equivalent to active carbon impregnated specifically for trapping gaseous formaldehyde. According to the prior art, activated carbon or zeolites very poorly eliminate aldehydes and in particular formaldehyde while this gas is on the one hand very present in the indoor air and on the other hand harmful to health. Thus, by combining in a filtration device on the one hand a conventional absorbent material and, on the other hand, a specific absorbent material that is particularly effective for aldehydes and in particular formaldehyde, the filtration device 110 according to the invention makes it possible to eliminate both aldehydes and in particular formaldehyde due to the presence of the nanoporous specific absorbent material functionalized with probe molecules and other volatile organic compounds, in particular the family of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethylene, xylene, etc.). .) thanks to activated charcoal or zeolites. The combination of conventional and specific absorbent materials is constituted by a combination of filter cartridges 104, 106 successive mono-material structures. According to the invention, the depollution / filtration performance of the cartridge is determined in particular by the following parameters: the mass proportion between the conventional absorbent material and the specific absorbent material; the specific surface of the specific absorbent material; form of the specific absorbent material; the physical and chemical characteristics of the conventional absorbent material. The proportion by mass between the conventional absorbent material and the specific absorbent material can vary from a factor of 95/5 to 5/95: the particular choice is made according to the nature and quantity of the pollutants present in the air interior and desired performance to achieve. By way of example, for an air containing 20 g / m 3 of formaldehyde and 200 g / m 3 of other volatile organic compounds, it will be preferable to use a mass ratio of specific absorbent material / activated carbon of 10/90. However, it is possible to double, quadruple, etc. the efficiency of the filter media according to the invention by doubling, quadrupling, etc. the amount of specific absorbent material. Thus, in the case of air polluted with formaldehyde containing for example 10 times more formaldehyde than other volatile organic compounds, it will be used a filtration device 110 with a ratio of specific absorbent material / activated carbon of 90/10 . The specific surface area desired for the specific absorbent material is inversely proportional to the pore size. Thus, the larger the surface area, the smaller the pore size. Thus, to have a surface area of the order of 1000 m 2 / g, the pore diameter is typically around one nanometer. It is therefore sought the best compromise between a maximum specific surface area which makes it possible to increase the trapping capacity and efficiency and a limit not to be exceeded in order to have pores of a size sufficient for the pollutants to enter the pores. The target surface area range is between 100 and 1500 m 2 / g depending on the size of the pollutant molecule to be removed. For example, for formaldehyde, it is preferable to be between 600 and 1200 m 2 / g. The choice of pellet form for the specific absorbent material is determined to have the maximum licking surface (outer surface of the pellet) to increase trapping efficiency while having the lowest pressure drop to minimize energy. necessary for the depollution. For example in the case of cylindrical granules, it is known that the licking surface is proportional to the inverse of the mean diameter of the granules. Thus, decreasing the pellet diameter increases performance by increasing the trapping surface. On the other hand, this reduction leads to an increase in the losses of charges and the necessary energy. Indeed, the granulated bed then becomes more compact and therefore less transparent to the flow of air passing through it. Typically granules of the order of one millimeter (0.2 to 8 mm) have the best compromise between the best efficiency and a not too important pressure drop. The cylindrical shapes of elongate shape, that is to say having a ratio L / D> 1 (L length, D diameter), are very interesting because they are easily manufactured by molding or extrusion. Their elongated shapes prevent the flat surfaces from sticking together so as not to reduce the licking surface and not to increase losses and energy. In this case, the dimensions (length) of the order of one millimeter (0.2 to 8mm) also lead to the best compromise.
    [0008] According to another embodiment, the granule may take the ground form leading to particles of the order of one millimeter (0.2 to 8 mm). This form is also of interest because it gives for a substantially identical particle diameter a greater licking surface in the case of spherical particles.
    [0009] Granules smaller than one millimeter can also be used provided that inter-granulated supports (fiber) are used to disperse the granule to reduce the pressure drop. In this case, it is possible to envisage films of granules of specific absorbent material trapped in tissues making it possible to increase the surface of the filter in order to reduce the losses of charges. Furthermore, other criteria such as the dimensions of the rigid cellular structure and the filling rate of the cells can also be adjusted to obtain the desired performance of the filter cartridge according to the invention. Thus, the size of the cells of the structure is between 1 and 10 times the maximum size of a granule of specific absorbent material. This dimension makes it possible to obtain a good distribution of the granules in the cells and to be able to receive at least 1 granule per cell of the rigid alveolar structure. Likewise, the filling rate of the filter media cells is, for example, at least 40%. This limits the size of the second filter cartridge structure 106 according to the invention. The filtration device 110 according to the invention does not call into question the general architecture of the known air purification apparatus. Indeed, it is sufficient to insert the different filter cartridge structures at the locations provided in the housing 108 of the purification apparatus. The composition and the characteristics of the filter cartridge according to the invention will then be adjusted according to the characteristics of the air purification apparatus, in particular as a function of the air flow rate and the dimensions of the cartridge. Examples of dimensioning of the filtration device 110 according to the invention: The first example is defined to perform the depollution of a part 15 having the following characteristics: - volume: 12m3, - renewal of fresh air: 5m3 / h, - rate formaldehyde emission: 70.6pg / m3. The characteristics of the purification apparatus using the filter cartridge according to the invention are as follows: air flow: 140 m 3 / h, mass of specific absorbent material: 20 g. Figure 4 shows the evolution of the concentration of formaldehyde in the room.
    [0010] Curve A represents the control value at 70.6 g / m 3 without air purification apparatus according to the invention. Curve B represents the variation of the concentration when the air apparatus according to the invention is in operation. - 15 - Thus, we note that in a few hours of operation the emission rate of formaldehyde falls below 20pg / m3 (lower than the rate of 30pg / m3 recommended in establishments receiving the public). The second example is defined to perform the depollution of a part having the same characteristics as in the previous example but with the characteristics of the air purification apparatus using the filter cartridge according to the invention which are the following: : - air flow: 70m3 / h, - mass of specific absorbent material: 10g.
    [0011] Figure 5 shows the evolution of the formaldehyde concentration in the room. Curve A 'represents the control value at 70.6 g / m 3 without air purification apparatus according to the invention. Curve B 'represents the variation of the concentration when the air apparatus according to the invention is in operation. Thus, it is noted that within a few hours of operation, the emission rate of form aldehydes is of the order of 30pg / m3. It will be understood that various modifications and / or improvements obvious to those skilled in the art can be made to the embodiments of the invention described herein without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the appended claims. By way of example, the filtration device 110 according to the invention may comprise a third and / or a fourth filter cartridge structure 103, 105. The third filter cartridge structure 103 is for example a perforated film for stopping dust. and / or debris. This filter is placed furthest upstream in the filtration device 110. The fourth filter cartridge structure 105 is for example a HEPA filter. Thus, the exemplary embodiments have been given for an air purification apparatus for domestic use (room of a few cubic meters). Applications of the filter cartridges according to the invention in a larger air purification apparatus (for example adapted for a facility receiving the public) are conceivable. It is enough either to use several cartridges or cartridges of larger dimensions.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. A filtration device (110) for an air purification apparatus comprising a first filter cartridge structure (104) containing a conventional absorbent material selected from activated carbon or zeolite, characterized in that the device comprises a second cartridge structure separate filter (106) ensuring the maintenance of a filter media consisting of a nanoporous specific absorbent material functionalized with probe molecules so as to trap chemical pollutants of the aldehyde type.
    [0002]
    2. Device for filtering (110) for an air purification apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the specific absorbent material is manufactured by sol-gel for incorporation into a nanoporous structure of metal oxides of the probe molecules suitable for trap aldehydes.
    [0003]
    3. Filtration device (110) for air purification apparatus according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the probe molecule carrying a reactive function capable of reacting with an aldehyde function is selected from enaminones and corresponding p-diketone / amine pairs, imines and hydrazines, or the salts derived from these compounds.
    [0004]
    4. Filtering device (110) for air purification apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structure ensuring the maintenance of the filtering medium is a rigid cellular structure (12), the cells (11). containing the filter media.
    [0005]
    5. Filtration device (110) for air purification apparatus according to the preceding claim, characterized in that a micro-perforated film is assembled on the upstream faces (15) and downstream (14) of the structure (12). ) cellular rigid.- 18 -
    [0006]
    6. Filtering device (110) for air purification apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the filling rate of the cells to the filter medium is greater than 40%.
    [0007]
    7. Filtration device (110) for air purification apparatus 5 according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the specific absorbent material is in the form of granules whose dimensions are between 0.8 and 2mm.
    [0008]
    8. Filtering device (110) for air purification apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the shape of the granules is cylindrical with a ratio L / D> 1 in which L is the length of a granulated and D corresponds to the diameter of a granule.
    [0009]
    9. Filtering device (110) for air purification apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the structure (20) ensuring the maintenance of the filter media is an assembly of several films (21). ) on which are impregnated / sprinkled the conventional absorbent material.
    [0010]
    10. Filtering device (110) for air purification apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mass of specific absorbent material is between 5 and 95% of the mass of conventional absorbent material.
    [0011]
    11. A filter device (110) for air purification apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the specific surface of the specific absorbent material is between 600 and 1200m2g. 25
    [0012]
    12. Apparatus for purifying air, characterized in that it comprises at least one filtration device defined according to one of claims 1 to 11.
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    法律状态:
    2015-09-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2016-03-25| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20160325 |
    2016-09-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2017-04-21| CA| Change of address|Effective date: 20170322 |
    2017-09-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2018-09-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2019-09-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2020-09-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    2021-09-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 8 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1459039A|FR3026020B1|2014-09-24|2014-09-24|FILTRATION DEVICE FOR AIR PURIFICATION APPARATUS|FR1459039A| FR3026020B1|2014-09-24|2014-09-24|FILTRATION DEVICE FOR AIR PURIFICATION APPARATUS|
    KR1020177010575A| KR20170092532A|2014-09-24|2015-09-24|Filtration device for air purification appliance|
    CA2961537A| CA2961537A1|2014-09-24|2015-09-24|Filtration device for air purification appliance|
    CN201580051046.9A| CN106999825A|2014-09-24|2015-09-24|Filter for air cleaning facility|
    JP2017516113A| JP6807834B2|2014-09-24|2015-09-24|Filtration device for air purifiers|
    EP15778992.6A| EP3197586A1|2014-09-24|2015-09-24|Filtration device for air purification appliance|
    MX2017003934A| MX2017003934A|2014-09-24|2015-09-24|Filtration device for air purification appliance.|
    PCT/FR2015/052548| WO2016046498A1|2014-09-24|2015-09-24|Filtration device for air purification appliance|
    US15/514,205| US10561983B2|2014-09-24|2015-09-24|Filtration device for air purification appliance|
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